![]() ![]() Occupied by at least three generations of Incas, Machu Picchu was abandoned in a sudden and mysterious decision. Surrounded by steep cliffs and away from the sight of strangers in a tangled forest, the citadel of Machu Picchu had the quality of having only one narrow entrance so that only a few warriors were needed for defense in the event of a surprise attack. Its strategic location was chosen with admirable success. Likely built as a refuge for elite members of Inca aristocracy, the fortress was constructed on the eastern slopes of the Vilcanota mountain range, about 80 miles (130 kilometers) from Cusco, the capital of the empire. The origin of Machu Picchu is attributed with some certainty to Pachacutec. ![]() Being recognized as the “constructor” of Cusco is among Pachacutec’s greatest achievements. A strong Inca leader, he was known for his territorial conquests and the development of religion and spirituality. Inca Pachacutec was the first to emerge beyond the valley of Cusco after his epic victory over the Chancas. ![]() According to archaeologists, a battle was fought and won against the Chanca people, thus giving power to Inca Pachacutec and solidifying his victorious reign over more lands. The construction of Machu Picchu began around the time the Inca began to expand their territory across the continent. Archaeologists assume – given radiocarbon evidence – that the construction of Machu Picchu dates back to approximately the 15th century. Most modern archaeologists and historians agree that Machu Picchu was built by the Inca Pachacutec, the greatest statesman of Tahuantinsuyo (what the Inca called their expansive empire), who ruled from 1438 to 1471. ![]()
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